Bringing light to the country
New aid programs encourage Afghans to choose local development plans that
suit rural areas where most live
LEVON SEVUNTS
SPECIAL TO THE STAR
For centuries, people in the village of Sabzikhail went to bed with
the setting of the sun.
There wasn't much else to do after darkness fell in the lush green valley
a two-hour drive north of Kabul. Only wealthy families could literally
afford to burn the midnight oil.
But tonight, village council member Nadjibullah Bohaduri says he'll be
watching TV, most likely one of the Bollywood love stories popular with many
Afghans, thanks to a micro-hydroelectric station built a year ago with
Canadian financial assistance.
A generator on a dam the size of a backyard swimming pool, fed by a
fast-flowing stream, lights up the 110 houses in the village, Bohaduri tells
a group of visiting dignitaries from Kabul.
"Having light at night affects us mentally," he says. "Now that we have
light we can stay up later, watch TV, listen to the radio. Women can do
their housework and students can do their homework with proper light."
The burning light bulb is also a tangible sign that the government in
Kabul is starting to extend its services and influence beyond the capital
into the rural areas that are home to an estimated 70 per cent of Afghans.
And that is crucial for the success of the reforms initiated by the
government of President Hamid Karzai, says Christopher Alexander, Canada's
ambassador to Afghanistan, because the country's future won't be decided in
Kabul or the provincial capitals.
"Reporters, diplomats, all come to Afghanistan and mostly spend their
time in the cities. But Afghanistan is not about cities, it's about
villages."
Mohammed Haneef Atmar, Afghanistan's minister of rural rehabilitation and
development, says foreign aid has been crucial in allowing the country to
absorb serious economic and social shocks.
Thanks to reforms initiated by the Karzai government and a massive
infusion of foreign aid, Atmar says, Afghanistan has experienced significant
economic growth and has been able to cope with the return of 3 million
refugees from Pakistan and the worst drought in recent history.
Atmar says two of the most successful programs — supported by donations
from Canada, Japan and the European Union — are the National Solidarity
Program (NSP) and Microfinance Investment Support Facility for Afghanistan (MISFA).
The NSP program aims to promote good local governance and empower
communities to implement their own development plans. MISFA focuses on the
poorest and most vulnerable households to promote sustainable rural
development.
Despite their successes, the programs face obstacles from bandits, the
continuing insurgency and a boom in the growing of opium-producing poppies
for the world's heroin markets.
While bandits and insurgents are being countered by the fledgling Afghan
National Army with the backing of coalition forces, opium production goes
unchecked because there is no alternative crop that could generate profits
similar to those for poppies, which account for more than 50 per cent of
Afghanistan's gross national product.
Atmar says poppy eradication won't work without increased international
aid to both communities that currently grow poppies and those that might be
tempted to join the boom.
Under the NSP program, each village elects a village council to be
trained by a designated non-governmental organization in basics of
governance and administration.
Then, through a process of consultation within the community and with
neighbouring villages, these councils decide on a list of priorities for
local development.
"We are making history here," says Atmar. "This is the first time in the
history of Afghanistan that the government gives people the power to decide
on their development priorities."
Once a community comes up with a priority project, the government
allocates money for its realization — usually about $30,000 per community,
Atmar says. The money is paid in three instalments and the projects are
audited to ensure that the money is well spent.
In the last 18 months, the government has allocated $144 million for the
program, which covers 8,500 villages or one-quarter of Afghanistan's rural
communities, Atmar said.
With less than 20 per cent of rural Afghan communities having access to
safe drinking water, about 45 per cent of villages invest their government
grants in safe drinking water and irrigation projects.
About 21 per cent of NSP grants go to the construction of gravel roads
that give isolated communities their first year-round access to markets,
services and education.
"But more importantly," Atmar notes, "these roads pave the way for their
participation in the political process."
About 20 per cent of NSP grants are spent on micro-hydro electricity
projects. That's the route Bohaduri's village took, after it learned the
grant money wouldn't be enough to fund its first choice, a medical clinic.
Next on Sabzikhail's priority list are a larger school and community
hall, Bohaduri says.
Haider Ghulam, a development expert and an adviser to Atmar, says the NSP
provides much more than the government-sponsored services most of the
developed world takes for granted.
The individualism that has been the definitive coping mechanism for an
Afghan society ravaged by 25 years of war is giving way to collective forms
of governance that benefit all, says Ghulam.
"People are learning a tradition of getting together and working
together. This will help us with national unity in the long term." |